Macrolide巨(內酯)環類抗生素

14~16環的抗生素，其上有deoxy sugars

翻譯[]

天然
- prototype:Erythromycin.其上有兩個糖如下
  - C5-desosamine(胺糖)
  - C3-cladinose
半合成
- clarithromycin: spectrum is almost the same to erythromycin except that it is more active against MAC(Mycobacterium avium complex, 及禽結核分枝桿菌) than erythromycin. It also is active against Toxoplasma gondii
  - C5-desosamine(胺糖):5'有methyl
  - C3-cladinose:3'有methyl和methoxy
- azithromycin: azalide : 15-member heterocyclic ring, once daily dosing, it also active against MAC(Mycobacterium avium complex, 及禽結核分枝桿菌). It also is active against Toxoplasma gondii, Community-aquired pneumonia
  - C5-desosamine(胺糖)
  - C3-cladinose
- erythromycyclamine
  - dirithromycin是9S-erythromycyclamine的Prodrug
- ketolides:telithromycin once daily dosing 800mg, Respiratory tract infection such as Community-aquired pneumonia, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, Sinusitis] and streptococcal Pharyngitis.
  - C5-desosamine(胺糖)
  - C3-keto
immunosuppressant(免疫抑製劑):
- Tacrolimus: 免疫抑制劑
- Sirolimus(Rapamycin) : 免疫抑制劑
polyene(多烯類不是抗菌性抗生素，而是Antifungal agents(抗黴菌藥 amphotericin B is an amphoteric polyene macrolide，雖然是macrolide但是抗黴菌的機轉不是抑制蛋白質的生合成，而是改變細胞膜的通透性
azithromycin is less active against Streptococcus and Staphylococcus than Erythromycin and clarithromycin, and more active against Haemophilus