主條目:Novel coronavirus/2019新型冠狀病毒/2019-nCoV/COVID-19、民眾醫藥常識
非抗生素:成藥基準表甲類成藥(十一)外用殺菌劑:外用殺菌、消毒。
氣溶膠傳播(空氣傳染)的新研究:2021-05-30勤洗手不足以有效阻擋病毒?正視氣溶膠傳播風險!
disinfectant | infectant |
---|---|
酒精(alcohol) |
coronary virus(SARS、MERS):62% ~71% alcohol[1](this is the data from previous coronary virus, today the most used one in Novel coronavirus/2019新型冠狀病毒/2019-nCoV/COVID-19 is 75% alc, but the most suitable concentration is not known. )、 流感病毒 呼吸道病毒 泡疹病毒 lipid-enveloped viruses (such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C):high-concentration mixtures (such as 80% ethanol + 5% isopropanol) are required to effectively inactivate 90% alcohol rubs are highly flammable, but kill many kinds of viruses, including enveloped viruses such as the flu virus, the common cold virus, and HIV, though is notably ineffective against the rabies virus(無效). 腸病毒(無效) 腺病毒(無效) 諾羅病毒(英語:Norovirus,NV, 或 Winter Vomiting Bug),又稱為諾沃克病毒、諾如病毒或膿融病毒(無效):肥皂洗手 輪狀病毒(無效) |
雙氧水(Hydrogen peroxide) | coronary virus(SARS、MERS):0.5% Hydrogen peroxide[1] |
漂白水(次氯酸水)(bleach( sodium hypochlorite)) | coronary virus(SARS、MERS):0.1% bleach( sodium hypochlorite)[1] |
alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride(BZK,BKC,BAC,ADBAC) | for bacteria but not Novel coronavirus/2019新型冠狀病毒/2019-nCoV/COVID-19
用來對付細菌,而不是對付Novel coronavirus/2019新型冠狀病毒/2019-nCoV/COVID-19(武漢肺炎) Also good against fungi, amoebas, and enveloped viruses. except endospores, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-enveloped viruses(useless) |
Chlorhexidine(, also known as chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG)) | 用來對付細菌,而不是對付Novel coronavirus/2019新型冠狀病毒/2019-nCoV/COVID-19(武漢肺炎) |
Routes of transmission傳染途徑(編輯模板) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
預防傳染 | ||||||
口罩 | Disinfectant消毒藥水 | Hand washing洗手 | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
氣溶膠傳播(空氣傳染)的新研究:2021-05-30勤洗手不足以有效阻擋病毒?正視氣溶膠傳播風險! | ||||||
模板參考資料[]
口罩[]

chlorhexidine
避免武漢肺炎的飛沫傳染可能因為藉由戴口罩所以比較簡單,但是口罩有很多等級,並不是看起來都一樣效果就一樣。以台灣為例,CNS14774的手術用醫療用口罩才有預防飛沫傳染的功效。下表示各個國家有效果口罩的標準。

至於何時要戴口罩?在密閉空間最好是要戴,在密閉空間(所以在家裡要開窗戶)戴口罩就可以預防這類傳染。 若身體不舒服,即使在家中也要戴上口罩,儘量離家人距離兩公尺以上,不和家人一起用餐。[1]並使用免洗餐具,避免藉由口水的傳播。在台灣,醫院中的美食部已經規定不能在院內用餐,如果在院內用餐則必須使用免洗餐具。
消毒藥水[]
然而,即使你有戴口罩,飛沫如果噴到你的眼睛,或是你摸到飛沫的雙手又去摸你的眼、鼻或是口,也可以傳播武漢肺炎。因此在外面不要亂摸就很重要。像是水龍頭(香港北角佛堂群聚感染)、電梯按鈕...等,在某些事件中都被證實病毒檢驗是陽性的。在一個德國的研究中[2],由之前的冠狀病毒推測出,冠狀病毒可以在塑膠上活到九天之久,一個極端的例子。在台灣,32號病人是一個非法移工,他所去過的地方都經過消毒,包含電梯的按鈕...等。
一但機場無法藉由紅外線偵測入境人口的體溫而找出感染者,這代表沒有症狀的病人會在沒有被發現的情況下入境。這些病人就有可能藉由在水龍頭、電梯的按鈕...等處留下飛沫而增加疾病傳播的機會。
無論如何,如果你今天出門有接觸到病毒,只要你有戴合格的口罩、沒有亂摸、多洗手,沒有摸眼、鼻和口,你摸到病毒不也不用擔心自己會受到感染。最後的關頭就是不要把病毒帶回家。
如同麥當勞和肯德基裝一個自動酒精消毒感應乾洗手在家門內是一個方法,所有的家庭成員一進家門就
先洗手,內外夾弓大力腕後,擦乾手,再噴75%酒精,才摸其他東西最安全。
如此一來即使有人今天出門摸到病毒,也不會把病毒帶進家裡。進家門就消毒必須所有的家庭成員都嚴格遵守,只要有一個沒有遵守,那個人就可能會把病毒留在家中的水龍頭、電燈開關、門把、餐具…等處,一個家也等於正式淪陷。

肯德基的75%酒精乾洗手

用酒精消毒兩分鐘以後,用清潔劑清洗手和水龍頭,並且再使用75%酒精消毒水龍頭。
數學歸納法(Mathematical Induction、MI、ID):
1.有開始(第一步-起始步驟):我有一個乾淨的水龍頭。
2.有持續(第二步-推遞步驟):使用完之後以酒精消毒。
得證可以無限持續:水龍頭將永遠乾淨。
回到家先用肥皂洗手,洗完以後擦乾,用75%酒精消毒。但是你關水龍頭還是要摸水龍頭,所以水龍頭如果是髒的還是會摸到病毒。不如一開始就先肥皂洗水龍頭和手,洗完以後擦乾,然後同時用75%酒精消毒水龍頭和手。
酒精消毒當然是不用接觸的那種乾洗手最好,既然都要消毒了,能降低機率不要接觸到當然比接觸到還要好,不然省個幾塊錢,到時候像韓國全境大流行,絕對沒有比較划算,而醫院的生意將進入除了武漢肺炎(正式名稱:新型冠狀病毒2019)外沒有病人的冰河期。只不過如果裝自動乾洗手,要注意電池多久要換一次新的?不然有裝等於沒裝。或是非自動乾洗手把75%酒精噴到手上之後,兩分鐘以後順便去洗手和水龍頭,之後再使用酒精消毒水龍頭。
其實就筆者的經驗,這類乾洗手的設備要注意大概多久就要補充一次,因為有的醫院就發生到了晚上有病人反應說已經沒有酒精了。
研究並指出,物體表面使用:
62% 至 71% 的酒精[2]、 0.5% 雙氧水或[2] 0.1% 漂白水(次氯酸鈉水)[2]
後,在 1 分鐘內[2]對於消滅病毒活性有實質的成效。
世衛組織(WHO)也曾在報告中提到,這些成分用於殺死SARS和MERS的傳播很有效。
其他常見的消毒劑如苯扎氯銨、葡萄糖酸氯己定,這 2 者對付冠狀病毒則效果甚微。[2]
乾洗手消毒方法[]
- 有研究顯示戴手套乾洗手效果不好,並且會把髒污帶到其他地方。(參考DQ 進入封鎖期後,一家老小如何實踐一套新習慣和程序,才能節省力氣應對政府法令?)
English version[]
2. How to choose mask and when to use?[]
It might easier to prevent droplet infection of Covid 19 only by wearing mask; however, there are many level of mask, not any masks look alike have the same effect. In Taiwan, only CNS14774 medicinal mask for surgery or above can prevent the disease transmitted via droplet infection. List below are some standard in different countries:

When should we wear mask? In hospital, crowd or confined space ( open windows to prevent ). If you feel uncomfortable, you should wear mask even at home, and eat alone without your family, using disposable tableware to prevent transmission through saliva( mouth water)。In Taiwan, restaurant in hospital have banned dining in the hospital, if it does, disposable tableware must be used to do so.
3. When to use disinfectant and how to choose?[]
However, even if you wear mask, droplet attack your eye, or droplet touched by your hand can transmit Covid 19 via touching of your hand to your eye, nose or mouth. As a result, it’s important that when you outside, you should not touch things if there is no necessary to do so. Things like faucet, button of elevator … etc. are proved to be positive in virus test in some place. In a German study[2], refer from previous coronary virus, coronary virus may stay alive 9 days (on plastic surface, an extreme example.) In Taiwan, the place where patient 32[1] used to be were under disinfection, including button of elevator… etc.
Once airport can’t reveal patient by measuring body temperature via infrared, it means that patients without symptom may import without notice by the government. Those patients may potentiate the transmission by leaving their droplet on some where like faucet, button of elevator…etc. 4. To keep Covid 19 out home
Whatever, if you go out today and actually contact with the virus, once you wear mask conforming with international standard, do not touch things unnecessarily, touch your eye, nose or mouth… etc. You needn’t be afraid of being transmitted even if you really run into the virus. The final test is don’t bring virus home!
Like McDonald’s or KFC, install a automatic touchless hand-wash sterilizator behind the gate of your home is a good method. Family members back home must soap wash their hands first, than sterilize their hands after tissue-dry their hands before touching other thing in your home. By doing so, even if family member bring virus on their hands, virus can’t enter your home. The sterilization must be enforced strictly, because even one member do not obey, he or she might bring virus to faucet, light switch, doorknob, tableware…etc, and your home is occupied by the virus.
Because faucet is proved to be positive in virus test in some place. A better way is:
1.Wash hands and faucet with soap together right after arrival at your home.
2.Tissue-dry hands and faucet.
3.Sterilize your hands and faucet with 75% alcohol at least 30 seconds.
4.Above must be enforced strictly, because even one member do not obey, he or she might bring virus to faucet, light switch, doorknob, tableware…etc, and your home is occupied by the virus.
Mathematical Induction、MI、ID:
1.START(The initial or base case):The faucet is clean.
2.CONTINUATION(The induction step, inductive step, or step case):I sterilize faucet after using it.
The result is the faucet will clean forever.
Do not touch eye, nose or mouth without finishing the steps above, even if you do touch eye, nose or mouth with finishing the steps above, you hand better do it with tissus.
Wear mask when go out, keep one meter to each other to prevent droplet.

肯德基的75%酒精乾洗手
a automatic touchless hand-wash sterilizator in KFC

a automatic touchless hand-wash sterilizator in McDonald’s 5. How to choose disinfectant?
According to a German study[2], not all disinfectants are equally effective. Many disinfectants we used before are effective to bacteria, but not the virus we are fighting today. The disinfectants study suggests are listed below. You can put them in the automatic touchless hand-wash sterilizator behind the gate of your home.
62% ~71% alcohol[2](this is the data from previous coronary virus, today the most used one is 75% alc. )、 0.5% Hydrogen peroxide[2] 0.1% bleach( sodium hypochlorite)[2]
for one minute.[2]
disinfectant like alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride(BZK,BKC,BAC,ADBAC) and Chlorhexidine(, also known as chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG)) are not effective[2], because they often used in bacteria but not coronary virus.
Methods listed above only can prevent yourself from virus, but it can’t prevent others to encounter virus, unless they remember the methods above. As a result, prevention of Covid 19 is not only the matter of you, it is the matter of the human beings and all restaurants. McDonald and KFC are good models.