主條目:Taiwanese Antineoplastics classification抗癌藥
化學療法狹義的講是抗癌藥中的癌症化學療法；廣義的講，是利用宿主和病原體結構的差異性，已具有選擇性的物質為藥品，來達到儘量不傷害宿主的前提下，輔助免疫系統達到降低病原體數目的治療效果，參見條目:化學療法。
定義[]
指對宿主傷害小而對病原體有選擇性的藥物,所以包含抗生素,抗黴菌藥,抗病毒藥物,抗癌藥,抗寄生蟲藥.....等,但是口語中通常都是指抗癌藥
分類[]
化學療法:烷化劑（Alkylating agents）[]
- 或稱烷基化劑
- alkylation through
- alkylation through carbocation
- alkylation through radical
- alkylation at what position
- interstrand cross-link
- intrastrand cross-link
Nitrogen mustards[]
aliphatic[]
- Nitrogen mustard N-oxide
- mechlorethamine
aromatic[]
- Melphalan
- Chlorambucil → Melphalan
其他[]
- Cyclophosphamide (prodrug of phosphoramide mastard)→ phosphoramide mastard
- Ifosfamide (prodrug of ifosfamide mastard)
- Estramustine → Estramustine phosphate
- Estramustine phosphate
- phenoxybenzamine(別和phenbenzamine搞混): 治療pheocromocytoma
Aziridines[]
- Triethylenemelamine → Thiotepa
- Triethylenemelamine → Carboquone ← Mitomycin（Antineoplastics - agents from natural products）
Nitrosoureas : alkylation through carbocation : 常常脂溶性夠大而可以治療中樞神經癌症[]
chloroethylnitrosourea : O6 or N7 -alkylation of guanine nucleoties[]
- Methylnitrosoureas → Carmustine → Nimustine
- Methylnitrosoureas → Iomustine → Nimustine
不知道[]
- Nimustine
- Methylnitrosoureas → Iomustine → Semustine
- Streptozocin → Ranimustine
- Ranimustine
Procarbazine and triazenes: O6-methylation of guanine nucleoties with thymine→MMS(mis match repair system )[]
Procarbazine[]
Procarbazine→diazene intermediate : alkylation through radical
triazenes /Prodrug of MTIC : alkylation through carbocation[]
- Dacarbazine
- imidazolotetrazene der: Temozolomide
Alkyl sulfonate[]
- Busulfan : N7-methylation of guanine nucleoties
organoplatinum/Platinum coordination complex[]
- Cisplatin(生理食鹽水當作溶劑) N7-methylation of guanine nucleoties → Carboplatin → Nedaplatin
- Carboplatin(D5W當作溶劑) intrastrand cross-link between G and G
- Nedaplatin
- Cisplatin → Iproplatin
- Oxaliplatin
altratamine[]
抗生素[]
化學療法:抗代謝（Antimetabolic agents）[]
indirect inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (Folic acid antagonists)[]
- Aminopterin
- Methotrexate:解毒劑是leucovorin(和5FU相反)
- Piritrexin
- Trimetrexate
- Raltitrexed
- Pemetrexed
direct inhibitor of thymidylate synthase : Pyrimidine analogue[]
- Fluorouracil(5FU)(prodrug)→FdUMP(active):加上leucovorin會增加毒性(和methotrexate相反)
- Tegafur
- Floxuridine(FUDR)(prodrug)→FdUMP(active)
- Capecitabine
Purine antagonists : amidophosphoribosyl transferase inhibitors[]
- Mercaptopurine
- Thioguanine
- Thionosine
DNA polymerase/DNA chain elongation inhibitor[]
Pyrimidine analogue[]
Purine analogue : adenosine analogue[]
不明[]
- Doxifluridine
- Azacitidine
Others[]
- Pentostatin(2'-deoxycoformycin)(DCF)
- Hydroxyurea
- EHNA
- azaserine
- DON
化學療法:抗生素[]
烷化劑[]
破壞DNA[]
抗生素抗癌藥。
- Actinomycin D (Dactinomycin)
- Bleomycin
Topoisomerase Ⅱ inhibitor[]
Actinomycin[]
- Actinomycin D (Dactinomycin)
Anthracyclines and Anthraquinone[]
屬於抗生素抗癌藥，結構類似tetracycline。
- Daunorubicin
- Doxorubicin(Adriamycin)
- Idarubicin
- Epirubicin
- valrubicin
- Pirarubicin
- Aclarubicin
Anthraquinone[]
- piroxanthrone
其他[]
- menogaril
- Plicamycin(mithramycin)
- acivicin
- anthramycin
- Pentostatin(2'-deoxycoformycin)(DCF)
- calicheamicin
- Peplomycin
化學療法:天然物（Agents from natural products）=抗生素+生物鹼[]
烷化劑[]
破壞DNA[]
抗生素抗癌藥。
- Actinomycin D (Dactinomycin)
- Bleomycin
Topoisomerase Ⅱ inhibitor[]
Actinomycin[]
- Actinomycin D (Dactinomycin)
Anthracyclines and Anthraquinone[]
屬於抗生素抗癌藥，結構類似tetracycline。
- Daunorubicin
- Doxorubicin(Adriamycin)
- Idarubicin
- Epirubicin
- valrubicin
- Pirarubicin
- Aclarubicin
Anthraquinone[]
- Mitoxantrone
- piroxanthrone
Epipodophyllotoxins[]
屬於普達非倫衍生物，主要抑制topoisomerase Ⅱ。
- Podophyllin
- Podophyllotoxin
- Etoposide
- Teniposide
Topoisomerase Ⅰ inhibitor（Camptothecins）[]
屬於喜樹鹼衍生物，主要抑制topoisomerase Ⅰ。
- Camptothecin
- Topotecan
- Irinotecan
其他抗生素[]
- menogaril
- Plicamycin(mithramycin)
- acivicin
- anthramycin
- Pentostatin(2'-deoxycoformycin)(DCF)
- calicheamicin
- Peplomycin
Antimitotic[]
抑制有絲分裂
Tubulin polymerization inhibitor（Colchicine & Vinca alkaloids）[]
抑制聚合作用，生物鹼，Colchicine&長春花，屬於indole類，外滲熱敷，使用玻璃酸酶解毒。
- Colchicine
- Vinblastine
- Vincristine
- Vindesine
- Vinorelbine
Enhancement of tubulin polymerization（Taxans）[]
促進聚合作用（與生物鹼抗癌藥不同）。